ED 50 and ED 95 of propofol combined with different doses of esketamine for children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A prospective dose-finding study using up-and-down sequential allocation method.

In children who accomplished diagnostic paediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation/anaesthesia, the total dosage of propofol needed was reduced significantly in esketamine 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups with a corresponding reduce in propofol-related hemodynamic changes. However, a higher incidence of esketamine-related adverse effects was found in esketamine 1 mg/kg group.