Urban wastewater contributes to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in an urban receiving river in eastern India.
Saubhagini SahooRajesh Kumar SahooMahendra GaurDibyajyoti Uttameswar BeheraAnshuman SahuAradhana DasSuchanda DeySangita DixitEnketeswara SubudhiPublished in: Letters in applied microbiology (2023)
The present study revealed the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and the associated driving factors in an urban river system surrounding Cuttack city, Odisha. The high contamination factor and contamination degree indicate poor water quality. The CRKP isolates showed 100% resistance against piperacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, meropenem, and imipenem but less resistance to colistin (12.85%). Among the CRKP isolates, carbapenemase genes blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, and blaKPC were detected in 94.28%, 35%, and 10% of isolates, respectively. The resistance genes (blaNDM, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) were found to be significantly correlated with toxic metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb) (P < 0.05). Detection of virulence factors (yersiniabactin and aerobactin) and capsular serotypes (K1, K2, and K54 types) explain the pathogenicity of CRKP isolates. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR based molecular typing separated the CRKP strains into 13 clusters, of which VI and XI clusters showed similar resistance and virulence determinants, indicating the dissemination of clones from wastewater to the river system. Our results provide first-hand information on assessing risks to public health posed by the CRKP isolates and toxic metals in the Kathajodi River. Molecular surveillance of nearby hospitals for the prevalence of CRKP will help trace their transmission route.
Keyphrases
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- escherichia coli
- water quality
- multidrug resistant
- genetic diversity
- public health
- gram negative
- human health
- health risk
- biofilm formation
- risk assessment
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- heavy metals
- wastewater treatment
- acinetobacter baumannii
- healthcare
- drug resistant
- genome wide
- antimicrobial resistance
- drinking water
- gene expression
- high frequency
- dna methylation
- health risk assessment
- health information
- climate change
- candida albicans
- clinical practice
- aqueous solution
- social media
- label free
- single cell
- genome wide analysis