The value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and localising deep sternal wound infection to guide surgical debridement.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a severe complication in patients after open heart surgery (OHS). But there is a lack of appropriate imaging tool to detect the infection sites, which may lead to incomplete debridement. The present study aims to investigate the value of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) in comparison with CT scan in diagnosing and localising DSWI. A total of 102 patients with DSWI after OHS were retrospectively collected from January 2012 to December 2017 in our hospital. All the patients had surgical debridements for DSWI with pretreatment imaging of either 18 F-FDG PET/CT or CT scan. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of localising infection sites were compared between PET/CT and CT groups, with surgical, microbiological, and histopathological findings as the gold standard. The length of hospital stays and the rate of recurrence were also compared. Ten patients in the PET/CT group had a follow-up PET/CT scan after debridement, and the correlations between the changes of PET/CT findings and surgical outcomes were analysed. 18 F-FDG PET/CT is more accurate than CT in diagnosing and localising DSWI after OHS, which leads to a more successful surgical debridement with a lower rate of recurrence and a shorter length of hospital stay. In addition, follow-up PET/CT after debridement could evaluate the treatment effect.