Severe tyrosine-kinase inhibitor induced liver injury in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients: two case reports assessed for causality using the updated RUCAM and review of the literature.

Liver injury has been commonly observed in TKI-treated patients with unpredictable course. Management requires regular routine liver enzyme-monitoring and the collaboration of medical oncologist and hepatologist. There is an unmet medical need for a risk stratification and definition of predictive biomarkers to identify potential genetic polymorphisms or other factors associated with TKI-induced liver injury. Any potential unrecommended concomitant therapy has to be avoided.