Evaluation of Stress Pattern Caused by Mini-Implant in Mandibular Alveolar Bone with Different Angulations and Retraction Forces: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study.

The von Mises stress values in the cortical bone, MI, and periodontal ligament were found to be lowest at 90°. Placement of the MI at 90° appears to be an ideal angulation when applied with a horizontal load. Force range used is within clinically recommended levels; however, the increase in load causes an increase in the stress values.