Averaging of turbulent micropolar media: turbulent couple-stress, heat flux, and energy.

The equations governing turbulent flow of micropolar incompressible media are studied using the Reynolds decomposition. The average force-stress is augmented by the Reynolds stress of the same form as in classical continuum mechanics, while the average couple-stress is augmented by a new turbulent couple-stress. Additionally, the average heat flux and internal energy density are modified from the expressions known in classical turbulent fluids. On this basis, the entropy inequality is examined in both classical and micropolar continuum settings.