An Overview of Healthcare Associated Infections and Their Detection Methods Caused by Pathogen Bacteria in Romania and Europe.
Sándor SzabóBogdan FeierDenisa CapatinaMihaela TertisCecilia CristeaAdina PopaPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Healthcare-associated infections can occur in different care units and can affect both patients and healthcare professionals. Bacteria represent the most common cause of nosocomial infections and, due to the excessive and irrational use of antibiotics, resistant organisms have appeared. The most important healthcare-associated infections are central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site, soft tissue infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, and Clostridioides difficile colitis. In Europe, some hospitalized patients develop nosocomial infections that lead to increased costs and prolonged hospitalizations. Healthcare-associated infection prevalence in developed countries is lower than in low-income and middle-income countries such as Romania, an Eastern European country, where several factors contribute to the occurrence of many nosocomial infections, but official data show a low reporting rate. For the rapid identification of bacteria that can cause these infections, fast, sensitive, and specific methods are needed, and they should be cost-effective. Therefore, this review focuses on the current situation regarding healthcare-associated infections in Europe and Romania, with discussions regarding the causes and possible solutions. As a possible weapon in the fight against the healthcare-associated infections, the diagnosis methods and tests used to determine the bacteria involved in healthcare-associated infections are evaluated.
Keyphrases
- healthcare
- urinary tract infection
- physical activity
- mental health
- soft tissue
- escherichia coli
- end stage renal disease
- cystic fibrosis
- machine learning
- intensive care unit
- palliative care
- body mass index
- ejection fraction
- multidrug resistant
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- weight loss
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- weight gain
- adverse drug
- health insurance
- gram negative
- quantum dots