Hyponatremia in the Neurologically Ill Patient: A Review.
David P LernerStarane A ShepherdAyush BatraPublished in: The Neurohospitalist (2020)
Hyponatremia is a well-known disorder commonly faced by clinicians managing neurologically ill patients. Neurological disorders are often associated with hyponatremia during their acute presentation and can be associated with specific neurologic etiologies and symptoms. Patients may present with hyponatremia with traumatic brain injury, develop hyponatremia subacutely following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, or may manifest with seizures due to hyponatremia itself. Clinicians caring for the neurologically ill patient should be well versed in identifying these early signs, symptoms, and etiologies of hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and treatment can potentially avoid neurologic and systemic complications in these patients and improve outcomes. This review focuses on the causes and findings of hyponatremia in the neurologically ill patient and discusses the pathophysiology, diagnoses, and treatment strategies for commonly encountered etiologies.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- traumatic brain injury
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- peritoneal dialysis
- acute heart failure
- heart failure
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- patient reported outcomes
- insulin resistance
- liver failure
- depressive symptoms
- adipose tissue
- physical activity
- blood brain barrier
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- weight loss
- drug induced
- sleep quality
- respiratory failure
- glycemic control