Gadolinium and Bio-Metal Association: A Concentration Dependency Tested in a Renal Allograft and Investigated by Micro-Synchrotron XRF.

We could show that no dose-dependent association between Gd and bio-metals exists-least in renal tissue-at Gd concentrations below ~40 ppm Gd. This was proven compared with a GBCA-exposed end-stage renal failure in which the mean Gd was ten-fold higher. Our results could shed additional light on Gd metabolism.