The effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, and microbiome in obese mice.
Sang-Seo ParkTae-Woon KimBo-Kyun KimSeong-Hyun KimJong-Suk ParkMal Soon ShinPublished in: Journal of exercise rehabilitation (2022)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diet on mental status, insulin signaling pathway, serotonin synthesis, and microbiome in high-fat-induced obesity mice. Before the start of this experiment, obesity groups made obese mice by administering a high-fat diet containing 60% fat for 12 weeks. In the obesity with exercise group, after a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, exercise was performed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In the obesity with diet group, a high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a normal diet for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety were determined by open field test and elevated plus maze test. Immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe, western blot analysis for phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-ATK), total AKT (t-AKT), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), and total PI3K (t-PI3K) in the hippocampus were performed. Analysis of microbiome was also conducted. Obesity-induced depression and anxiety status, suppressed ratio of p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and inhibited TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status, activated p-AKT/t-AKT and p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and increased TPH synthesis. Exercise and diet improved depression and anxiety status by increasing the insulin signaling pathway and promoting serotonin production. These effects of exercise and diet were almost similar. In addition, exercise and diet regulated the composition of gut microbiota.
Keyphrases
- high fat diet
- insulin resistance
- signaling pathway
- weight loss
- physical activity
- adipose tissue
- high fat diet induced
- type diabetes
- high intensity
- metabolic syndrome
- cell proliferation
- skeletal muscle
- pi k akt
- glycemic control
- resistance training
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- protein kinase
- mental health
- induced apoptosis
- spinal cord
- oxidative stress
- body mass index
- weight gain
- diabetic rats
- minimally invasive
- gestational age
- brain injury
- cognitive impairment
- blood brain barrier
- body composition
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- transcription factor