Radiomics allows for detection of benign and malignant histopathology in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors prior to post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

• Patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors undergoing post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection of residual lesions show overtreatment in up to 50%. • We assessed whether a CT radiomics-based machine learning classifier can predict histopathology of lymph nodes after post-chemotherapy lymph node dissection. • The trained machine learning classifier achieved a classification accuracy of 0.81 in the validation dataset with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 78%, thus allowing for prediction of the presence of viable tumor or teratoma in retroperitoneal lymph node metastases.