Antibody-induced botulinum toxin treatment failure: A review and novel management approach.

Yuttana Srinoulprasert Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha

Published in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2020)

Effective management of BTF is to explore causes of treatment failure. Antibodies against BoNT/A complex could be one of many possibilities. Laboratory in vitro tests could be alternative tools to decrease adverse effect and rebooting immune responses in BTF patients.

Keyphrases

immune response
botulinum toxin
end stage renal disease
newly diagnosed
ejection fraction
peritoneal dialysis
dendritic cells
high glucose
endothelial cells
diabetic rats
smoking cessation