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The abscopal effect of radiation therapy.

Daniel J CraigNisha S NanavatyMonika DevanaboyinaLaura StanberyDanae HamoudaGerald EdelmanLance DworkinJohn J Nemunaitis
Published in: Future oncology (London, England) (2021)
Radiation therapy (RT) in some cases results in a systemic anticancer response known as the abscopal effect. Multiple hypotheses support the role of immune activation initiated by RT-induced DNA damage. Optimal radiation dose is necessary to promote the cGAS-STING pathway in response to radiation and initiate an IFN-1 signaling cascade that promotes the maturation and migration of dendritic cells to facilitate antigen presentation and stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. T cells then exert a targeted response throughout the body at areas not subjected to RT. These effects are further augmented through the use of immunotherapeutic drugs resulting in increased T-cell activity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte presence and TREX1, KPNA2 and p53 signal expression are being explored as prognostic biomarkers.
Keyphrases
  • radiation therapy
  • dendritic cells
  • dna damage
  • immune response
  • radiation induced
  • oxidative stress
  • high glucose
  • drug induced
  • diabetic rats
  • cancer therapy
  • dna repair
  • peripheral blood
  • rectal cancer