Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Early diagnostic biomarkers, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions.
Jin-Ling HuoQi FengShaokang PanWen-Jia FuZhang-Suo LiuZhenzhen LiuPublished in: Cell death discovery (2023)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mainly refers to myocardial metabolic dysfunction caused by high glucose, and hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiac function in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. DCM, which is a severe complication of diabetes, has become the leading cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. The initial symptoms are inconspicuous, and patients gradually exhibit left ventricular dysfunction and eventually develop total heart failure, which brings a great challenge to the early diagnosis of DCM. To date, the underlying pathological mechanisms of DCM are complicated and have not been fully elucidated. Although there are therapeutic strategies available for DCM, the treatment is mainly focused on controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, and there is a lack of effective drugs targeting myocardial injury. Thus, a large percentage of patients with DCM inevitably develop heart failure. Given the neglected initial symptoms, the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the lack of available drugs, it is necessary to explore early diagnostic biomarkers, further understand the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, summarize the current therapeutic strategies, and develop new targeted interventions.
Keyphrases
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- blood glucose
- type diabetes
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- high glucose
- cardiovascular disease
- end stage renal disease
- atrial fibrillation
- blood pressure
- physical activity
- aortic stenosis
- oxidative stress
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- acute heart failure
- coronary artery
- mitral valve
- coronary artery disease
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- prognostic factors
- adipose tissue
- drug induced
- cell proliferation
- sleep quality
- smoking cessation
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- depressive symptoms
- combination therapy
- weight loss
- wound healing
- induced apoptosis
- replacement therapy