Heart Failure in Complex Congenital Heart Disease of the Adult.

While initially marketed for application to patients with acquired causes for heart failure, newer devices and technologies have started to be used in the ACHD population. After reversible causes for heart failure in CHD are addressed, it is reasonable to consider use of new device-based technologies and orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) for end-stage disease. New heart failure technology and organ transplant should carefully be considered and applied in complex ACHD, where there may be significant improvement in morbidity and mortality.