Early Antenatal Prediction of Gestational Diabetes in Obese Women: Development of Prediction Tools for Targeted Intervention.
Sara L WhiteDebbie A LawlorAnnette L BrileyKeith M GodfreyScott M NelsonEugene Oteng-NtimStephen Courtenay RobsonNaveed SattarPaul T SeedMatias C VieiraPaul WelshMelissa WhitworthLucilla PostonDharmintra Pasupathynull nullPublished in: PloS one (2016)
All obese women are categorised as being of equally high risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) whereas the majority do not develop the disorder. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in unselected obese pregnant women have been unsuccessful in preventing GDM. Our aim was to develop a prediction tool for early identification of obese women at high risk of GDM to facilitate targeted interventions in those most likely to benefit. Clinical and anthropometric data and non-fasting blood samples were obtained at 15+0-18+6 weeks' gestation in 1303 obese pregnant women from UPBEAT, a randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention. Twenty one candidate biomarkers associated with insulin resistance, and a targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolome were measured. Prediction models were constructed using stepwise logistic regression. Twenty six percent of women (n = 337) developed GDM (International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria). A model based on clinical and anthropometric variables (age, previous GDM, family history of type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, sum of skinfold thicknesses, waist:height and neck:thigh ratios) provided an area under the curve of 0.71 (95%CI 0.68-0.74). This increased to 0.77 (95%CI 0.73-0.80) with addition of candidate biomarkers (random glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin, triglycerides), but was not improved by addition of NMR metabolites (0.77; 95%CI 0.74-0.81). Clinically translatable models for GDM prediction including readily measurable variables e.g. mid-arm circumference, age, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c and adiponectin are described. Using a ≥35% risk threshold, all models identified a group of high risk obese women of whom approximately 50% (positive predictive value) later developed GDM, with a negative predictive value of 80%. Tools for early pregnancy identification of obese women at risk of GDM are described which could enable targeted interventions for GDM prevention in women who will benefit the most.
Keyphrases
- pregnancy outcomes
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- metabolic syndrome
- pregnant women
- insulin resistance
- blood pressure
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- magnetic resonance
- type diabetes
- body mass index
- physical activity
- cervical cancer screening
- heart failure
- obese patients
- breast cancer risk
- high fat diet
- cancer therapy
- left ventricular
- high resolution
- body composition
- computed tomography
- ms ms
- skeletal muscle
- preterm birth
- blood glucose
- wastewater treatment
- heart rate
- hypertensive patients
- drug delivery
- atrial fibrillation
- mass spectrometry
- solid state
- soft tissue