Signal communication during microbial modulation of root system architecture.

Every living organism on Earth depends on its interactions with other organisms to live. In the rhizosphere, plants and microorganisms constantly exchange signals and influence each other's behavior. Recent studies have shown that many beneficial rhizosphere microbes can produce specific signaling molecules that affect plant root architecture and may therefore have substantial effects on aboveground growth. This review sorts out these chemical signals and summarizes their mechanisms of action, enhancing our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and providing references for the comprehensive development and utilization of these active components in agricultural production. Finally, we have pointed out future research directions and challenges, such as the searching of microbial signals to induce the primary root development.