Ghrelin and hormonal markers under exercise training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Ex-DHF pilot study.

Exercise training tended to increase ghrelin levels in Ex-DHF-P. This increase was especially pronounced in patients with higher baseline adiponectin levels. Future trials are needed to investigate the effect of ET on endogenous ghrelin levels in regard to interactions with cardiac structure and clinically meaningful surrogate parameters.