Effects of Combination Treatments with Astaxanthin-Loaded Microparticles and Pentoxifylline on Intracellular ROS and Radiosensitivity of J774A.1 Macrophages.
Eleonora BinattiGianni ZoccatelliFrancesca ZanoniGiulia DonàFederica MainenteRoberto ChignolaPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a serious, yet incurable, complication of external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. Macrophages are key cellular actors in RIF because of their ability to produce reactive oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines that, in turn, are the drivers of pro-fibrotic pathways. In a previous work, we showed that phagocytosis could be exploited to deliver the potent natural antioxidant astaxanthin specifically to macrophages. For this purpose, astaxanthin encapsulated into µm-sized protein particles could specifically target macrophages that can uptake the particles by phagocytosis. In these cells, astaxanthin microparticles significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and the secretion of bioactive TGFβ and increased cell survival after radiation treatments. Here we show that pentoxifylline, a drug currently used for the treatment of muscle pain resulting from peripheral artery disease, amplifies the effects of astaxanthin microparticles on J774A.1 macrophages. Combination treatments with pentoxifylline and encapsulated astaxanthin might reduce the risk of RIF in cancer patients.
Keyphrases
- reactive oxygen species
- radiation induced
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- cell death
- dna damage
- peripheral artery disease
- oxidative stress
- radiation therapy
- induced apoptosis
- skeletal muscle
- single cell
- drug delivery
- chronic pain
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- cell therapy
- emergency department
- systemic sclerosis
- neuropathic pain
- transforming growth factor
- mesenchymal stem cells
- drug induced
- bone marrow
- binding protein
- squamous cell
- adverse drug