Immune regulatory cytokines in seminal plasma of healthy men: A scoping review and analysis of variance.

The concentrations of cytokines and chemokines detected in SP is inconsistent and highly variable between studies and cohorts, limiting current capacity to define reference ranges for cytokine concentrations in fertile men. The lack of standardisation in methods used to process and store seminal plasma, and variation in platforms used to evaluate cytokine abundance, are factors contributing to the observed heterogeneity. To progress the clinical utility of seminal plasma cytokine analysis will require standardisation and validation of methodologies so that reference ranges for healthy fertile men can be defined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.