Coagulant Protein-Free Blood Coagulation Using Catechol-Conjugated Adhesive Chitosan/Gelatin Double Layer.

Since the discovery of polyphenolic underwater adhesion in marine mussels, researchers have striven to emulate this natural phenomenon in the development of adhesive hemostatic materials. In our study, we develop bio-inspired hemostatic materials that lead to pseudo-active blood coagulation, utilizing traditionally passive polymer matrices of chitosan and gelatin. The two-layer configuration, consisting of a thin, blood-clotting CHI-C layer and a thick, barrier-functioning gelatin ad-layer (CHI-C/Geln), maximizes hemostatic capability and usability. The unique combination of coagulant protein-free condition with CHI-C showcases not only coagulopathy-independent blood clotting properties (efficacy) but also exceptional clinical potential, meeting all necessary biocompatibility evaluation (safety) without inclusion of conventional coagulation triggering proteins such as thrombin or fibrinogen. As a result, the CHI-C/Geln has been approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS, Republic of Korea) as a class II medical device. Hemostatic efficacy observed in multiple animal models further demonstrates the superiority of CHI-C/Geln sponges in achieving quick hemostasis compared to standard treatments. Our study not only enriches the growing body of research on mussel-inspired materials but also emphasizes the potential of biomimicry in developing advanced medical materials, contributing a promising avenue toward development of readily accessible and affordable hemostatic materials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.