Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

ESD and LECS are both acceptable treatments for SNADETs in terms of a high OS rate and a low long-term recurrence rate, thereby achieving a comparable high rate of curative resection. Further studies are necessary to compare the outcomes of ESD and LECS for SNADETs once both techniques are developed further.