Bats respond to simulated bacterial infection during the active phase by reducing food intake.

Sickness triggers a series of behavioral and physiological processes collectively known as acute phase response (APR). Bats are known as reservoirs of a broad variety of pathogens and the physiological changes resulting from APR activation have been tested predominantly during the resting phase (daytime) in several species exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, behavioral consequences of sickness for bats and other wild mammals have received less attention. We examined the physiological and behavioral consequences of APR activation in a fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata) challenged with LPS during the active phase (nighttime). We measured changes in food intake, body mass, body temperature, total white blood cell counts, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). No fever and leukocytosis were observed in bats injected with LPS, but food intake decreased, bats lost body mass and their N/L ratio increased. The effect of LPS on daily energy balance is remarkable and, along with the increase in N/L ratio, it is assumed to be beneficial to fight disease. On the basis of our findings and those with other bats, it is probable that the physiological and behavioral components of the immune response to LPS follow circadian rhythms, but a formal test of this hypothesis is warranted.