Jordanian Kaolinite with TiO 2 for Improving Solar Light Harvesting Used in Dye Removal.

TiO 2 -Kaolinite nanocomposite photocatalysts were synthesized using the sol-gel method, with titanium isopropoxide/HCl as reactants and Jordanian kaolinite clay as a support material. The samples' TiO 2 content ranged from 10% to 70% (m/m). TiO 2 -Kaolinite composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRF, and XRD. According to XRD measurements of the nano-composite samples, the intensity of the anatase peaks increased as the TiO 2 percentage of the composition increased. As the percentage of TiO 2 increased, so did the peaks of Ti-O-Si in FTIR. The extent of photocatalytic degradation of Congo-red dye was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites. After four hours under the sun, the percentage of Congo-red degradation ranged from 27 to 99 percent depending on the TiO 2 content of the used nanocomposite. Meanwhile, the concentration drop in the dark did not exceed 10%. Photodegradation outperforms traditional treatment methods in terms of target degradation. Using naturally abundant materials such as clay in conjunction with metal oxides is widely regarded as an effective method of modifying the photoresponse properties of TiO 2 particles, thereby improving solar light harvesting for target degradation.