Dynamic pulse-to-pulse thermal load effects in pulse-train-mode self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser.

Thermal load has been a haunting factor that undermines the brightness and coherence of the self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser. Different from uniformly pulsed mode, in pulse train mode a thermal quasi-steady state of the crystal monochromator may not be reached. This leads to a dynamic thermal distortion of the spectral transmission curves and seed quality degradation. In this paper, the pulse-to-pulse thermal load effects on the spectral transmission curves and seed quality are shown, and some instructive information for the tuning process is provided.