Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Peptides Derived from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Germinated and Heat-Treated Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Proteins.
Shuai HuJuanli YuanJinyan GaoYong WuXuanyi MengPing TongHongbing ChenPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2020)
This study aimed at identifying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides derived from the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of germinated and heated (microwave and boiling) foxtail millet. The protein digest fraction containing low-molecular-weight peptides (<3 kDa) and the most hydrophobic subfraction (F4) abundant in random coil structure were responsible for the bioactivity. Then, seven novel peptides were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from the most potent F4 subfraction derived from boiled germinated millet. All seven synthesized peptides significantly (p < 0.05) reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity in Caco-2 cells, whereas two peptides (EDDQMDPMAK and QNWDFCEAWEPCF) were superior in inhibiting nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (reduced to 42.29 and 44.07%, respectively), and interleukin-6 (reduced to 56.59 and 43.45%, respectively) production in a RAW 264.7 cell model. This study is the first to report about the potential role of germinated and heated foxtail millet as a source of dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides.
Keyphrases
- anti inflammatory
- tandem mass spectrometry
- amino acid
- liquid chromatography
- nitric oxide
- reactive oxygen species
- mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- rheumatoid arthritis
- simultaneous determination
- stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- gas chromatography
- high resolution
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- cell death
- hydrogen peroxide
- mesenchymal stem cells
- single cell
- risk assessment
- cell cycle arrest
- nitric oxide synthase
- aqueous solution