Orbito-scleral-sinus invasion of basal cell carcinoma in an immunocompromised patient on vismodegib.
Ann Q TranCarissa L PateteNathan W BlessingAndrew J RongArmando L GarciaSander DubovyDavid T TsePublished in: Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2020)
A 45-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging left lower lateral eyelid lesion. The initial biopsy was inconclusive; however, a repeat biopsy 5 years later revealed infiltrative morpheaform basal cell carcinoma with sclerosis. Two years later, the patient presented with ophthalmoplegia of the left eye. Computed tomography illustrated a heterogeneous enhancing soft tissue mass in the inferolateral orbit with erosion into the globe. Despite treatment with vismodegib for 1 year, the lesion progressed to involve the entire left lower eyelid and corneal-scleral junction with adjacent maxillary sinus invasion. The patient tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus and underwent a left orbital exenteration followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient remained stable with no evidence of recurrent disease or distant metastasis 2 years after exenteration. This rare case highlights a neglected basal cell carcinoma in those immunocompromised with histopathological correlation of the aggressive disease on to the globe.
Keyphrases
- basal cell carcinoma
- human immunodeficiency virus
- case report
- computed tomography
- rare case
- early stage
- soft tissue
- hepatitis c virus
- magnetic resonance imaging
- cell migration
- minimally invasive
- lymph node
- positron emission tomography
- magnetic resonance
- locally advanced
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- ultrasound guided
- hiv infected
- hiv positive
- dual energy