Computational Modeling of Therapy with the NMDA Antagonist in Neurodegenerative Disease: Information Theory in the Mechanism of Action of Memantine.

(1) Background: in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists provide neuroprotective advantages. We performed memantine therapy and proved mathematical and computer modeling of neurodegenerative disease in this study. (2) Methods: a computer simulation environment of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor incorporating biological mechanisms of channel activation by high extracellular glutamic acid concentration. In comparison to controls, pathological models were essentially treated with doses of memantine 3-30 µM. (3) Results: the mean values and 95% CI for Shannon entropy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and memantine treatment models were 1.760 (95% CI, 1.704-1.818) vs. 2.385 (95% CI, 2.280-2.490). The Shannon entropy was significantly higher in the memantine treatment model relative to AD model ( p = 0.0162). The mean values and 95% CI for the positive Lyapunov exponent in AD and memantine treatment models were 0.125 (95% CI, NE-NE) vs. 0.058 (95% CI, 0.044-0.073). The positive Lyapunov exponent was significantly higher in the AD model relative to the memantine treatment model ( p = 0.0091). The mean values and 95% CI for transfer entropy in AD and memantine treatment models were 0.081 (95% CI, 0.048-0.114) vs. 0.040 (95% CI, 0.019-0.062). The transfer entropy was significantly higher in the AD model relative to the memantine treatment model ( p = 0.0146). A correlation analysis showed positive and statistically significant correlations of the memantine concentrations and the positive Lyapunov exponent (correlation coefficient R = 0.87, p = 0.0023) and transfer entropy (TE) (correlation coefficient R = 0.99, p < 0.000001). (4) Conclusions: information theory results of simulation studies show that the NMDA antagonist, memantine, causes neuroprotective benefits in patients with AD. Our simulation study opens up remarkable new scenarios in which a medical product, drug, or device, can be developed and tested for efficacy based on parameters of information theory.