Numerical simulations of particle behaviour in a realistic human airway model with varying inhalation patterns.

Our results indicated that particle deposition in a realistic human airway model was promoted by a vortex formation following the terminal-velocity-like breath-holding. Moreover, the inhalation flow pattern significantly influenced the behaviour and deposition of inhaled particles in the airways. Additionally, the effect of flow patterns on the particle deposition in each airway position was quantitatively evaluated by numerical simulations for a realistic human airway model.