Catastrophic health expenditure and the risk of depression among middle-aged and old people in China: a national population-based longitudinal study.

Nearly one of five middle-aged and old people in China incurred CHE, and CHE was associated with the risk of depression. Concerted efforts should be made to monitor CHE and related depression episode. Moreover, timely interventions about CHE and depression need to be implemented and strengthened among middle-aged and old people.