The Introduction of Robotics to an Outpatient Dispensing and Medication Management Process in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective Review of a Pharmacy-led Multidisciplinary Six Sigma Performance Improvement Project.

The Six Sigma methodology allowed for rapid transformation of the medication management process. The risk priority numbers (RPNs) for the "wrong patient-wrong medication error" reduced by a ratio of 5.25:1 and for "patient leaves unit with inadequate counseling" postautomation by 2.5:1. Automation allowed for ring-fencing of patient-pharmacist time. This time needs to be structured for optimal effectiveness.