Transforming growth factor beta in human milk and allergic outcomes in children: A systematic review.
Ekaterina KhalevaZoya GridnevaDonna T GeddesWendy H OddySilvia ColicinoOleg BlyussRobert J BoyleJohn O WarnerDaniel MunblitPublished in: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
In contrast with previous findings, we did not find strong evidence of associations between HM TGF-β and allergic outcomes. Differences in studies' methodology and outcomes do not allow unconditional rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis that HM TGF-β influences the risk of allergy development. Future studies on diverse populations employing standardized methods, accurate phenotyping of outcomes and evaluation of the effect of TGF-β in combination with other HM immune markers, microbiome and oligosaccharides are required.