Glucagon up-regulates hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 through cAMP-responsive element-binding protein; inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by ginsenoside Rb1.

CREB transcriptionally up-regulates MPC1 to provide pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. Rb1 reduced cAMP formation which consequently reduced CREB-mediated MPC1 induction and thereby might contribute to limiting pyruvate-dependent HGP. These results suggest a therapeutic strategy to reduce hyperglycaemia in diabetes.