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Successful cardiac synchronization therapy device upgrade using an active fixation quadripolar pacing lead in a patients with persistent left superior vena cava and absent right superior vena cava.

Shushi NishiwakiSatoshi ShizutaMunekazu TanakaHirohiko KohjitaniKoh Ono
Published in: Journal of arrhythmia (2023)
Keyphrases
  • vena cava
  • cardiac resynchronization therapy
  • left ventricular
  • inferior vena cava
  • minimally invasive
  • heart failure
  • pulmonary embolism
  • stem cells
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • bone marrow