222 Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment.
null nullE AprileJ AalbersF AgostiniM AlfonsiL AlthueserF D AmaroV C AntochiE AngelinoJ R AngevaareF ArneodoD BargeL BaudisB BauermeisterL BellagambaM L BenabderrahmaneT BergerP A BreurA BrownE BrownS BruennerG BrunoR BudnikC CapelliJ M R CardosoD CichonB CimminoM ClarkD CoderreA P ColijnJ ConradJ P CussonneauM P DecowskiA DepoianP Di GangiA Di GiovanniR Di StefanoS DiglioA ElykovG EurinA D FerellaW FulgioneP GaemersR GaiorA Gallo RossoM GallowayF GaoL GrandiM GarbiniC HasterokC HilsK HiraideL HoetzschE HogenbirkJ HowlettM IacovacciY ItowF JoergN KatoS KazamaM KobayashiG KoltmanA KopecH LandsmanR F LangL LevinsonQ LinS LindemannM LindnerF LombardiJ A M LopesE López FuneC MacolinoJ MahlstedtL ManentiA ManfrediniF MarignettiT Marrodán UndagoitiaK MartensJ MasbouD MassonS MastroianniM MessinaK MiuchiA MolinarioK MoråS MoriyamaY MosbacherM MurraJ NaganomaK NiU OberlackK OdgersJ PalacioB PelssersR PeresJ PienaarV PizzellaG PlanteJ QinH QiuD Ramírez GarcíaS ReichardA RocchettiN RuppJ M F Dos SantosG SartorelliN ŠarčevićM ScheibelhutS SchindlerJ SchreinerD SchulteM SchumannL Scotto LavinaM SelviF SemeriaP ShaginE ShockleyM SilvaH SimgenA TakedaC TherreauD ThersF ToschiG TrincheroC TunnellM VargasG VoltaO WackH WangY WeiC WeinheimerM WeissD WenzJ WestermannC WittwegJ WulfZ XuM YamashitaJ YeG ZavattiniY ZhangT ZhuJ P ZopounidisPublished in: The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields (2021)
The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the 222 Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a 222 Rn activity concentration of 10 μ Bq / kg in 3.2 t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the 222 Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the 222 Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final 222 Rn activity concentration of ( 4.5 ± 0.1 ) μ Bq / kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment.