Biomechanical simulation of segmented intrusion of a mandibular canine using Robot Orthodontic Measurement & Simulation System (ROSS).

None of the modifications studied achieved pure mandibular canine intrusion without collateral effects. The significant lingual displacement caused by modification (#3) is, not least from an aesthetic perspective, considered much more severe than a slight tipping of the canine. Consequently, modification (#2) can be recommended for clinical application based on the biomechanical findings.