Cycling Rate-Induced Spatially-Resolved Heterogeneities in Commercial Cylindrical Li-Ion Batteries.
Antonios VamvakerosDorota MatrasThomas E AshtonAlan A CoelhoHongyang DongDustin BauerYaroslav OdarchenkoStephen W T PriceKeith T ButlerOlof GutowskiAnn-Christin DippelMartin von ZimmermanJawwad A DarrSimon D M JacquesAndrew M BealePublished in: Small methods (2021)
Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction computed tomography has been employed to investigate, for the first time, commercial cylindrical Li-ion batteries electrochemically cycled over the two cycling rates of C/2 and C/20. This technique yields maps of the crystalline components and chemical species as a cross-section of the cell with high spatiotemporal resolution (550 × 550 images with 20 × 20 × 3 µm 3 voxel size in ca. 1 h). The recently developed Direct Least-Squares Reconstruction algorithm is used to overcome the well-known parallax problem and led to accurate lattice parameter maps for the device cathode. Chemical heterogeneities are revealed at both electrodes and are attributed to uneven Li and current distributions in the cells. It is shown that this technique has the potential to become an invaluable diagnostic tool for real-world commercial batteries and for their characterization under operating conditions, leading to unique insights into "real" battery degradation mechanisms as they occur.
Keyphrases
- ion batteries
- computed tomography
- deep learning
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- solid state
- high resolution
- high intensity
- dual energy
- machine learning
- magnetic resonance imaging
- cell cycle arrest
- cell therapy
- diabetic rats
- drug induced
- optical coherence tomography
- oxidative stress
- electron microscopy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- human health
- cell proliferation
- bone marrow
- mass spectrometry
- protein kinase