Molecular Basis of Cardiomyopathies in Type 2 Diabetes.
Silvia GiardinelliGiovanni MeliotaDonatella MentinoGabriele D'AmatoMaria Felicia FaienzaPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its exact pathogenesis is still debated. It was hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance activate critical cellular pathways that are responsible for numerous functional and anatomical perturbations in the heart. Interstitial inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial apoptosis, mitochondria dysfunction, defective cardiac metabolism, cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy and fibrosis with consequent impaired contractility are the most common mechanisms implicated. Epigenetic changes also have an emerging role in the regulation of these crucial pathways. The aim of this review was to highlight the increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of DbCM and the new therapies targeting specific pathways.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- left ventricular
- diabetic rats
- heart failure
- glycemic control
- dna damage
- cell death
- induced apoptosis
- healthcare
- gene expression
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- atrial fibrillation
- cell cycle arrest
- cancer therapy
- signaling pathway
- skeletal muscle
- drug delivery
- smooth muscle
- liver fibrosis
- heat shock protein