The impact of Down syndrome-specific non-malignant hematopoietic regeneration in the bone marrow on the detection of leukemic measurable residual disease.

Non-malignant myeloid progenitors in the regenerating BM of patients who have undergone chemotherapy for either ML-DS or B-ALL-DS express an immunophenotype that is different from normal BM of non-DS patients. Awareness of this DS-specific non-malignant myeloid progenitor is essential to the interpretation of MRD by flow cytometry in patients with ML-DS.