Scaling Down Large-Scale Thawing of Monoclonal Antibody Solutions: 3D Temperature Profiles, Changes in Concentration, and Density Gradients.

The innovative SDD allows a realistic characterisation and helps to understand thawing processes of mAb solutions in large-scale 2 L bottles. Only a fraction of material is needed to gain insights into the thawing behaviour that is associated with several possible detrimental limitations.