Pomegranate Extract Potentiates the Anti-Demineralizing, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Non-Alcoholic Mouthwash When Associated with Sodium-Fluoride Trimetaphosphate.
Gabriela Lopes FernandesAna Paula Miranda VieiraMarcelle DanelonNayara Gonçalves EmerencianoAndresa Aparecida BerrettaAndrei Felipe Moreira BuszinskiJuliana Issa HoriMikhael Haruo Fernandes de LimaThaila Fernanda Dos ReisJessica Aparecida de LimaAlberto Carlos Botazzo DelbemSónia Carina Morais da SilvaDebora Barros BarbosaPublished in: Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
This study investigated the anti-caries and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthwash formulations containing Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract (PPE), sodium-trimetaphosphate, and low concentrations of fluoride. PPE was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (ellagic acid and punicalagin). Total phenolics were quantified among formulations, and their stability was analyzed for 28 days. The formulation effects were evaluated as follows: (1) inorganic component concentration and reduced demineralization on bovine enamel blocks subjected to pH cycling; (2) anti-biofilm effect on dual-biofilms of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 treated for 1 and 10 min, respectively; and (3) cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The formulation containing 3% PPE, 0.3% sodium-trimetaphosphate, and 225 ppm of fluoride resulted in a 34.5% surface hardness loss; a 13% (treated for 1 min) and 36% (treated for 10 min) biofilm reduction in S. mutans ; a 26% (1 min) and 36% (10 min) biofilm reduction in C. albicans ; absence of cytotoxicity; and anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by decreased interleukin-6 production in mouse macrophages. Thus, our results provide a promising prospect for the development of an alcohol-free commercial dental product with the health benefits of P. granatum that have been recognized for a millennium.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- biofilm formation
- anti inflammatory
- high performance liquid chromatography
- oxidative stress
- drinking water
- drug delivery
- public health
- mass spectrometry
- rheumatoid arthritis
- escherichia coli
- oral health
- high intensity
- liver injury
- climate change
- risk assessment
- single molecule
- human health
- health promotion