Chronic intermittent hypoxia accelerates coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in insulin-resistant Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Yi Ching ChenTadakatsu InagakiYutaka FujiiDaryl O SchwenkeHirotsugu TsuchimochiAmanda J EdgleyKeiji UmetaniYuan ZhangDarren J KellyMisa YoshimotoHisashi NagaiRoger G EvansIchiro KuwahiraMikiyasu ShiraiJames T PearsonPublished in: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology (2016)
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) induces oxidative stress and inflammation, which impair vascular endothelial function. Long-term insulin resistance also leads to endothelial dysfunction. We determined, in vivo, whether the effects of chronic IH and insulin resistance on endothelial function augment each other. Male 12-wk-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and Wistar control rats were subjected to normoxia or chronic IH (90-s N2, 5% O2 at nadir, 90-s air, 20 cycles/h, 8 h/day) for 4 wk. Coronary endothelial function was assessed using microangiography with synchrotron radiation. Imaging was performed at baseline, during infusion of acetylcholine (ACh, 5 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) and then sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 5 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)), after blockade of both nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) with N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 50 mg/kg) and cyclooxygenase (COX, meclofenamate, 3 mg/kg), and during subsequent ACh. In GK rats, coronary vasodilatation in response to ACh and SNP was blunted compared with Wistar rats, and responses to ACh were abolished after blockade. In Wistar rats, IH blunted the ability of ACh or SNP to increase the number of visible vessels. In GK rats exposed to IH, neither ACh nor SNP were able to increase visible vessel number or caliber, and blockade resulted in marked vasoconstriction. Our findings indicate that IH augments the deleterious effects of insulin resistance on coronary endothelial function. They appear to increase the dependence of the coronary microcirculation on NO and/or vasodilator prostanoids, and greatly blunt the residual vasodilation in response to ACh after blockade of NOS/COX, presumably mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- coronary artery disease
- nitric oxide
- coronary artery
- oxidative stress
- genome wide
- nitric oxide synthase
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- high fat diet
- aortic stenosis
- hydrogen peroxide
- glycemic control
- endothelial cells
- heart failure
- dna damage
- high intensity
- dna methylation
- high resolution
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- induced apoptosis