Whole-transcriptome sequencing reveals heightened inflammation and defective host defence responses in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Gene signatures involved in defective host defences (including cilia dysfunction and immune dysregulation), inflammation and abnormal metabolism of ECM are implicated in CRSwNP. Functional validation of these gene expression patterns will open opportunities for CRSwNP therapeutic interventions such as biologics and immunomodulators.