Evolution of the Neurosurgeon's Role in Clinical Trials for Glioblastoma: A Systematic Overview of the Clinicaltrials.Gov Database.

Procedural interventions comprised ∼10% of all registered GBM trials. Local delivery of therapeutics, use of surgical imaging techniques and novel device applications, predominantly through phase I designs, represent the evolved role of the neurosurgeon in neuro-oncology. Improved reporting of trial designs, outcomes, and results are needed to better inform the field and increase efficiency.