Sequential activation of M1 and M2 phenotypes in macrophages by Mg degradation from Ti-Mg alloy for enhanced osteogenesis.

The results highlighted the roles of Mg degradation in the Ti-0.625 Mg alloy on the sequential activation of macrophage phenotypes and the importance of modulating M1-to-M2 transition in macrophage phenotypes for the design and development of inflammation-modulatory biomaterials.