The "Forgotten" Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Selected Histological Variants Not Included or Not Recognized as Distinct Entities in the Current World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumors.
Nektarios I KoufopoulosIoannis BoutasAbraham PouliakisMenelaos G SamarasChristakis KotanidisAdamantia KontogeorgiDionysios T DimasArgyro-Ioanna IeronimakiDanai LeventakouAris SpathisMagda ZanelliAndrea PalicelliMaurizio ZizzoDimitrios GoutasIoannis S PaterasIoannis G PanayiotidesPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. Nineteen different subtypes of breast carcinomas are recognized in the current WHO classification of breast tumors. Except for these subtypes, there are a number of carcinomas with special morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are not included in the 5th WHO classification, while others are considered special morphologic patterns of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on four different subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, namely lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet-ring breast carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation. We describe their clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Keyphrases
- machine learning
- deep learning
- induced apoptosis
- high grade
- systematic review
- papillary thyroid
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- cell cycle arrest
- adipose tissue
- gene expression
- pregnant women
- type diabetes
- skeletal muscle
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- young adults
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- genome wide
- pregnancy outcomes
- squamous cell
- bone loss
- childhood cancer