The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory.
Giscard LimaAlexander Kolliari-TurnerGuan WangPatrick HoLyra MeehanKelly N RoeszlerJane T SetoFernanda Rossell MalinskyAntonia KaranikolouGregor EichhornKumpei TanisawaJonathan Ospina-BetancurtBlair R HamiltonPaulette Y O KumiJonathan ShurlockVasileios SkiadasRichard Twycross-LewisLiam P KilduffFergus M GuppyKathryn N NorthYannis PitsiladisChiara FossatiFabio PigozziPaolo BorrionePublished in: Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine (2022)
This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fiber values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely among participants. Comparable myonuclei per fiber numbers despite decrements in fiber CSA postexposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism, but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants.