Invasive Alien Slug Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae) in Moscow Parks and Its Co-introduced Parasite Alloionema appendiculatum Schneider, 1859.

The complex life cycle of A. appendiculatum includes a free-living stage in soil which offers a source of infection for other potentially susceptible gastropod species but the capacity of A. appendiculatum to change hosts in local conditions needs to be further investigated. The particular susceptibility and tolerance of A. vulgaris to nematodes in our study was in concordance with earlier data while in contradiction with the enemy release hypothesis.