Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users.
Shane Sakamaki-ChingMonique WilliamsMy HuaJun LiSteve M BatesAndrew N RobinsonTimothy W LyonsMaciej Lukasz GoniewiczPrue TalbotPublished in: BMJ open respiratory research (2021)
This study is the first to investigate biomarkers of potential harm and effect in electronic cigarette users and to show a linkage to metal exposure. The biomarker levels in electronic cigarette users were similar to (and not lower than) cigarette smokers. In electronic cigarette users, there was a link to elevated total metal exposure and oxidative DNA damage. Specifically, our results demonstrate that zinc concentration was correlated to oxidative DNA damage.