3D printing of Extracellular Matrix-Based Multicomponent, All-Natural, Highly Elastic, and Functional Materials Towards Vascular Tissue Engineering.

3D-printing offers an exciting opportunity to fabricate biological constructs with specific geometries, clinically relevant sizes and functions for a wide variety of biomedical applications. However, successful application of 3D-printing is currently limited by the relatively narrow range of printable and bio-instructive materials. Biopolymer-based multicomponent hydrogel bioinks present unique opportunity to create bio-instructive materials able promote cell signaling and display high structural fidelity, fulfilling the mechanical and functional requirements for in situ tissue engineering. Herein, we report on 3D printable and perfusable multicomponent hydrogel constructs with high elasticity, self-recovery property, excellent hydrodynamic performance, and improved bioactivity. Our materials design strategy integrated fast gelation kinetic of sodium alginate (Alg), in situ crosslinking of tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid (HAT), and temperature-dependent self-assembly and biological functions of decellularized aorta (dAECM) in a facile manner. Using extrusion-based printing approach, we demonstrate the capability to print the multicomponent hydrogel bioinks, with high precision, into a well-defined vascular construct able to withstand flow and repetitive cyclic compressive loading. We use both in vitro and pre-clinical models to show the pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the multicomponent vascular constructs. Our study presents a strategy to create new bioink whose functional property is greater than the sum of its components and with potential wide range of applications in vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.